Teachers and Standardized Testing Pressure

If youre in education in the 21st Century, were willing to bet you feel the pressure of standardized test scores, no matter where you teach in the United States. The pressure seems to come from all sides: the district, parents, administrators, the community, your colleagues, and yourself. Sometimes it feels like you cant take a moment away from the hard-core academic subjects in order to teach so-called non-essentials, like music, art, or physical education. These subjects are frowned-upon by the people who meticulously monitor test scores. Time away from math, reading, and writing is seen as time wasted. If it doesnt directly lead to improved test scores, you arent encouraged, or sometimes even allowed, to teach it. In California, school rankings and scores are published in the newspapers and discussed by the community. Schools reputations are made or broken by the bottom line, numbers printed in black and white on newsprint. Its enough to make any teachers blood pressure rise at the thought of it. What Teachers Have to Say About Standard Testing These are some of the things teachers have said over the years about standardized test scores and the pressures surrounding student performance: I did just fine in school and life, even though my teachers didnt emphasize achievement on tests.Its only one test - why does it matter so much?I dont even have time to teach Science or Social Studies any more!I start teaching Test Preparation the first week of school.Its not fair that were graded on how our students do on this test when all we can do is present the information to them. We cant help how they will actually do on Test Day!My principals on my back this year because my students didnt so well last year. This is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to teachers opinions on this controversial issue. Money, prestige, reputation, and professional pride are all at stake. Administrators seem to be getting additional pressure to perform from the district bosses which the principals, in turn, pass down to their staff. No one likes it and most people think its all irrational, yet the pressure is snowballing and increasing exponentially. What Research Has to Say About Standard Testing Research shows that there is an incredible amount of pressure that is placed on teachers. This pressure often results in teacher burn-out. Teachers often feel like they need to teach to the test which results in them having to take away from higher order thinking skills, which has been proven to have long term benefits for students and is a much needed 21st-century skill. Edited By Janelle Cox

The Wind As A Powerful Force Of Nature By Percy Bysshe...

The wind is undoubtedly one of the most powerful forces known to man. It can amount to numerous spectacular, sometimes even terrifying things which man comes to envy. In the Romantic poem Ode to the West Wind by Percy Bysshe Shelley, this idea of wind as a powerful force of nature portrays itself as a link to the speaker’s emotions as well as his yearnings. The speaker implores the abilities of the West Wind as a comparison to his poetry, linking the natural world with the world inside of a poet’s mind. The vivid imagery throughout the poem illustrates Shelley’s fascination with this force of nature, which serves as an inspiration to his writing career as a poet. Shelley’s yearning for the forces of the wind to flutter through his life and his poetry are illustrated through his infatuation with the West Wind, which is the focus of this well structured Romantic poem. Through the poem’s structure, sound, and various elements of Romanticism, Shelley de picts the power of the wind as a parallel to the evolution of his poetry, illustrating what this force of nature can do for himself and his writing. Shelley uses many different poetic devices add to the sound and flow of the poem. The poem consists of five cantos, each made up of a sonnet. More specifically, each sonnet is split up into four tercets and an ending rhyming couplet. However, Shelley incorporates the Italian â€Å"terza rima† rhyme scheme into the sonnets, in which the first and third word of each tercet rhyme, and theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Romanticism and Shelleys Ode to the West Wind985 Words   |  4 PagesOde to the West Wind       M.H. Abrams wrote, The Romantic period was eminently an age obsessed with fact of violent change (Revolution 659). And Percy Shelley is often thought of as the quintessential Romantic poet (Appelbaum x). The Ode to the West Wind expresses perfectly the aims and views of the Romantic period. Shelleys poem expresses the yearning for Genius. In the Romantic era, it was common to associate genius with an attendant spirit or force of nature from which the geniusRead MorePercy Bysshe Shelley : Nature Poet Guided By A Rebellious Heart1918 Words   |  8 PagesLyons | 1 Percy Bysshe Shelley: Nature Poet Guided by a Rebellious Heart Percy Bysshe Shelley?s early life followed by his expulsion from Oxford led him down a path of rebellion fueled by an overwhelming love of nature. He included nature in just about everything he wrote, which was typical for a good Romantic poet. He disdained law and order and thought government should not rule over the people. His form of rebellion was written, and it encompassed highly political and sensitive topics. He wasRead MoreImagery in Ode to the West Wind by P.B.Shelley1300 Words   |  6 PagesNilanjan Dutt Imagery in Shelley’s Ode To The West Wind Ode to the West Wind is a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley that shows the correspondence between the inner and the outer world of the poet. It is among his famous poems. The major theme of the poem is the poet’s intention to become a force that may bring the change and rejuvenation in man’s life. This theme is metaphorically shown by the rejuvenation of nature through the west wind as an agent. It is described through his excellent useRead MoreWordsworth And Shelley s On Powers And Illusions Of The Inner Imaginative Life1350 Words   |  6 PagesWordsworth and Shelley focused their writing in the centre of life and social importance. An important aspect of Romanticism: its emphasis upon the power and terrors of the inner imaginative life (Watson, 2012, p. 1). The Prelude celebrates Wordsworth s life retained through memories and with the act of remembering, depicting emotions and experiences. Whereas, Shelley and the Ode to the West Wind engaged his audience with i nner and outer lives situations, ideas and elements of nature that representRead More Love in Poetry Essay1997 Words   |  8 Pagesfar do you think the three poems you have read conform to this view? Throughout history love has been a favoured theme with many poets in their writing. Carol Ann Duffy, (born 1958) tackles the issue of love in her poem â€Å"Valentine,† as does Percy Bysshe Shelly (1792-1822) in the poem â€Å"Love’s Philosophy,† and finally Robert Burns (1759-1796) considers the topic in â€Å"A Red Red Rose.† As different poets throughout history have written about the topic it is not surprising that all three containRead MoreHistory As Told By The Poet2874 Words   |  12 Pagesmore than remnants of once powerful tyrants who sought in vain to immortalize their existence. In his sonnet Ozymandias, Percy Bysshe Shelley depicts this struggle with a condemnatory eye. When all things come to an end, Shelley argues that art and culture are what truly represent civilization, not the legacy of those who commissioned the work. While the tyrannous reign of man is finite, the unknown artist s craft survives as a means to honestly depict the past. Shelley, as a poet, commiseratesRead MoreEssay about Romanticism1678 Words   |  7 Pages the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental,† (Thompson, E.P. Pg. 108-109). Among the characteristic attitudes of Romanticism were the following: a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect; a turning in u pon the self and heightened examination of human personality and its moods and mental potentialities; a preoccupation with genius, the hero, and the exceptionalRead MoreSimilarities and Dissimilarities Between Shelley and Keats6975 Words   |  28 Pagesdissimilarities Though P. B. Shelley and John Keats were mutual friends, but they have possessed the diversified qualities in their creativity. These two are the great contributors of English Literature, though their lifecycle were very short. Their comparison are also little with each other, while each are very much similar in thoughts, imagination, creation and also their lifetime. 01)  Attitude towards the Nature P. B. Shelley: Whereas older Romantic poets looked at nature as a realm of communion with

Letter From Birmingham By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

â€Å"Letter from Birmingham† was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s response to his fellow clergyman who wrote an article â€Å"A Call for Unity† in the newspaper that questioned his methods of protest. In King’s response, he was precise as to why the opinions of the clergyman were incorrect and not logical. Throughout the letter, there are rhetorical devices used that enhanced King’s argument. He uses ethos to reach the audience from his own personal experience, pathos to have an emotional connection, and logos for logic or evidence from credible sources. At the beginning of Dr. King’s letter he explains that he has come to Birmingham, Alabama because he was asked by the president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. He was asked to assemble a nonviolent direct action program, which he and his staff were glad to do. He supports this statement by using an example that refers to biblical stories, this is described as pathos since it connects to the readers emotionally being that it involves religion. The quote is, â€Å"as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their thus saith the Lord far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.† He formerly compares the people ofShow MoreRelatedLetter From Birmin gham Jail By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1666 Words   |  7 PagesA Letter from Birmingham Jail was written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on scraps of paper in response to a public statement of his efforts being seen as extreme issued by eight clergymen, while incarcerated in Birmingham. In response to the statement King makes a claim of Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.† Kings claim of â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.† Is supported throughout the entirety of his letter through the use of rhetoric devices such as EthosRead MoreAntigone And Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1233 Words   |  5 PagesIn Sophocles’ Antigone and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, Antigone and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used resistance against powerful leaders to follow their morals and make a statement. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s approach towards the reconstru ction of society’s cultural understanding of segregation used civil disobedience in a more public and large-scale approach, whereas Antigone’s use of civil disobedience defied the law in a much more private, small-scale way toRead More Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From a Birmingham Jail Essays1088 Words   |  5 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr.s â€Å"Letter From a Birmingham Jail† In King’s essay, â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†, King brilliantly employs the use of several rhetorical strategies that are pivotal in successfully influencing critics of his philosophical views on civil disobedience. King’s eloquent appeal to the logical, emotional, and most notably, moral and spiritual side of his audience, serves to make â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† one of the most moving and persuasive literary pieces of the 20thRead Moreâ€Å"a Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’S ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†.1444 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†. 9% Similarity Born in Atlanta Georgia in 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., conceivably lived as one of the greatest social and religious leaders in a country where a group of its citizens had to endure excruciating conditions of disenfranchisement, inferiority and degradation of a second class citizenship by reasons of race, color or origin. In effort to condemn allRead MoreA Comparison of Letter From Birmingham City Jail and I Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.1903 Words   |  8 Pages Martin Luther King Jr., one of the greatest speakers for the Black civil rights movement, had written many great works in his time. Two of his pieces stand out as his greatest works, Letter from Birmingham City Jail; a letter written from a jail in Birmingham where he was arrested for demonstrating peacefully, to clergymen who didnt agree with his views, and I Have a Dream; a speech given by King in front of the Washington Memorial at a huge civil rights tea party. BothRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Analysis1617 Words   |  7 Pagesthe melanin in their skin (King 2). Among these African Americans was the reverend, doctor, humanist, husband, and Civil Rights activist, Mr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. King was a middle class, black man with a life-long devotion of implementing ethnic equality to African Americans nationwide. Following one of Rev. King’s peaceful protests in Birmingham, Alabama, he was jailed on accounts of â€Å"parading without a permit† (King 3). While in jail, Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote a response to â€Å"A CallRead MoreLetter from Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr. Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages Is it not ironic that Martin Luther King Jr. s, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, which testifies to his struggle for Civil Rights; not only contradicts the time Martin Luther King wrote it in, but also echoes the same sentiments of today’s moral causes and laws? . Dr. King (*) then known as Baptist minister Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the Letter to Birmingham in response to his fellow clergymen’s criticisms of him being locked up for his actions in Birmingham’s Civil Rights protest. The letter’sRead MoreEssay on Letter From Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr.742 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr. one of many great influential speakers wrote a life changing letter after being arrested for peacefully protesting African American rights. While sitting in jail Dr. King received a letter from clergymen questioning his motives and timings for being in Birmingham. In a response Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. writes a â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† vividly expressing physical and emotional purposes for his presence in Birmingham, AL. First, in the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†Read MoreLetter From The Birmingham County Jail844 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Letter from the Birmingham County Jail† Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was the leader of the Civil Rights Movement. The Civil Rights Movement was a time in which African Americans were setting out to end segregation, specifically in the south. During this time period, African Americans were treated unequally from the white people. African Americans were unable to eat in the same restaurants, shop in the same stores, or even drink out of the same drinking fountain. Dr. King had a vision that one dayRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr : Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail Hao Ran Hu SUNY Broome Hao Ran Hu Global History Professor St.Clair 2016 Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail One of the interesting Documents in World History is the ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ by Martin Luther King Jr who was born as Michael King in 1929 in Atlanta. His parents were part

Capital Valuation Models Example

Essays on Capital Valuation Models Research Paper Financial Paper: Capital Valuation The present paper seeks to apply some capital valuation models in order to justify current market values of equityand debt of Home Depot. There exist different types of capital valuation models that are used in order to determine the value of a firm or the value of equity or debt of a firm at any particular time. Valuation is generally regarded as a method which forecast the present value of the expected pay offs to the shareholders of a firm. Valuation process also helps in converting forecasted value in to one particular number which corresponds to the basic intrinsic value of the firm. According to Lee (1999), capital valuation models are nothing but a set of accounting systems which helps in constituting the tools that are essential for communicating the assessment regarding any future event. Capital valuation models are of different types. Some of them are based on asset based valuations, while some others take in to account discounted cash flow measures. For the purpose of the present study, focus will be placed on those models that use the technique of discounted cash flows. Before moving into analyzing how far findings regarding current market value of equity or debt, it would be better to have a look at different discounted cash flow models of capital valuation. Discounted capital valuations model are mainly of three types: Free Cash Flow based accounting system, dividend based accounting system and earning based accounting system. All of these three types of capital valuation techniques can be used for the valuation of entire firm as well as for the equity of the firm. Once, value of firm and value of equity is determined, it becomes quite easy to calculate value of debt. Present value of debt can be calculated by subtracting the present value of equity from the present value of firm as a whole. Free cash flow based valuation system: Under this system, for the valuation of entire firm’s capital free cash flow to the firm is taken into account, while for the valuation of equity only, free cash flow to the equity holders is taken into account. Free cash flow to firm (FCFF) is defined as the cash flow that is made before any repayment of debt, but after incurring all sorts of operating expenses and taxes. On the other hand, free cash flows to equity (FCFE) can be defined as the cash flows which are generated after incurring all expenses and taxed along with the repayment of debt due to that period. (Vishwanath, n.d) In terms of equation, FCFF can be represented as follows: FCFF= cash flows from operation + interest (1-t)-capital expenditure And FCFE can be written as follows: FCFE= cash flows from operation + interest (1-t)-capital expenditure- net debt paid. In both of the cases interest benefit of taxation has not been included as the discount rate includes such benefit. Now, under free cash flow based valuation technique, to calculated present value of the firm with infinite life a terminal period is required to be set after which the firm is expected to grow at a rate which is different from the ongoing rate. For the terminal period, a terminal price is calculated and then it is discounted by a specific discount rate. The formulae for the present value of a firm and the present value of the firm’s equity can be represented as follows: (Vishwanath, n.d.; Levin and Olsson, 2000) T (Value of firm)t=0 = FCFF0 + ∑PV (FCFFi) + PV (Terminal Price); i=1 Where Terminal Price = (FCFFT)/(r-g), where r is the discount rate and g is the growth rate after terminal period. And, T (Value of firm’s equity)t=0 = FCFE0 + ∑PV (FCFEi) + PV (Terminal Price); i=1 Where Terminal Price = (FCFET)/(r-g), where r is the discount rate and g is the growth rate after terminal period. Now to calculate value of firm working cost of capital is used as the discount rate. Cost of capital to a firm is generally defined as the opportunity costs of investors for making their investment in the firm. WACC can be represented by the following formula: (Miles and Ezzell, 1980) WACC = were + wdrd Where we is defined as the weight of equity, re is defined as the cost of equity, wd is defined as the weight of debt, rd is defined as the cost of debt. The weight of equity can be defined as the ratio of market capitalization to the market value of the firm and the weight of debt can be defined as the ratio of market value of debt to the market value of the firm. Total market value of firm is generally measured by summing total market value of equity and total market value of debt. (Miles and Ezzell, 1980; Fama, 1970; Fama, 1991) Cost of equity is generally treated as the return that the investors expect to be paid by the firm for compensating them for the variability in returns which is generally caused by fluctuating earnings and fluctuating prices of shares. Cost of equity can be presented by the following formula: (Miles and Ezzell, 1980) Cost of Equity = risk free return to yield on long run government bonds + market risk premium * Beta variant for the company. Cost of debt, on the other hand, is generally taken at the effective rate of interest applicable to an AAA rated company in the market with an appropriate mix of short, medium and long term debt, net of taxes. Dividend based capital valuation: Dividend based valuation formula can be represented as follows: Value of the firm = Dividend / (WACC – g); where g is the growth rate of dividend. Value of the firm’s equity = Dividend / (cost of equity – g); where g is the growth rate of dividend. (Feltham and Ohlson, 1995) Earning based capital valuation = Earnings per share / (cost of equity – g) (Feltham. and Ohlson,. 1995) Calculation for Home Depot: In case of Home Depot, cash flow from operating activities has started to diminish from the year of 2007 owing to the global recession. From 2007 to 2008 cash flow from operation had declined by around 25 percent, while from 2008 to 2006 it declined by 3.4 percent. Hence, it is assumed that the market will grow by a rate of -2 percent for the coming two years and from third year it will attain a growth rate of -3 percent which is assumed to continue for the rest of its life time. Now, it is required to calculate WACC for discounting cash flows. Before calculating WACC, it is necessary to calculate cost of equity. On the basis of available information, beta for the firm is 0.56, which is quite high. Now risk free rate is around 4.3 percent, while market risk premium on U.S. securities is 6.8 percent (for 2008). Given these values, cost of equity is – Cost if equity = 4.3 % + 0.56(6.8 %) = 8.19 % Now cost of debt of the firm is around 5 percent (approximately). From the balance sheet for the period ended on 1st January, 2009, market value of equity and market value of debt can be obtained. Market value of equity is $17,777 million, while market value of debt is $11434 million. Therefore, WACC = 8.19 *(17,777/ 29211) + 5 * (11434/29211) = 4.98 + 1.95 = 6.94 (approximately) Now from available information FCFF and FCFE can be calculated for Home Depot. FCFF and FCFE for the current period are $3681 million and $1636 million. Now, FCFE for the current period is $1636. Given that the firm will grow at a negative rate of -2 percent and since the third year it will grow at a rate of -3, the present value of the firm’s value can be given as = 1636 + (1636(1-0.02))/(1+0694) + (1636 (1-0.02)2)/(1+0694)2 + 1373(1-0.03)/(0.498-0.03) = 17777. It implies that on the basis free cash flow based technique of calculation of firm equity value it is possible to justify current market value of equity with the assumptions of appropriate rate of growth. Now it would be interesting to find out whether with the assumption of same rate of growth in dividend and earning per share it would be possible to justify current market valuation of equity of the firm Home depot. Now from available information, total dividend earnings for the period ended on 1st January, 2009 was (.90*1.68) billion = 1512 million. Now applying the formula of dividend based the following can be obtained: Total value of firm’s equity will be = 1512/(0.0498+0.03)= 18984. Here results can not properly justify the current market value as current market value is lower than the estimated. But it can be taken as a good approximation as difference between the estimated value and current value is not quite large. Now the formula based on earning per share can be applied. From available information, total earnings of the share holders for the period ended on 1st January, 2009 was (1.37*1.68) billion = 2301.6 million. Now applying the formula of earning based valuation method the following can be obtained: Total value of firm’s equity will be = 2301.6/(0.0498+0.03)= 28842 Here results can not justify at all the current market value as current market value is lower than the estimated. Hence, with similar kind of growth rates, free cash flow based technique seems to be best applied for the purpose of valuation. References: Feltham G.A. and Ohlson, J.A. (1995), â€Å"Valuation and clean surplus accounting for operating and financial activities†, Contemporary Accounting Research 11, 689-731 Lee, C.M, Myers, J. and Swaminathan, B. (1999). â€Å"What is the Intrinsic Value of the Dow?†, Journal of Finance 54, 1693-1741 Levin, J. and Olsson, P. (2000), Terminal Value Techniques in Equity Valuation: Implications of the Steady State Assumption. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Business Administration No 2000:7 Miles, J. and Ezzell, R. (1980). The Weighted Average Cost of Capital, Perfect Capital Markets and Project Life: A Clarification. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 15: 719-730. Vishwanath, P.V. (n.d.) Fundamentals of Valuations. Available at www.swlearning.com/finance/daves/valuation/ [accessed on 12th June, 2009]

Proposal for Development of Business Plan Essay Example For Students

Proposal for Development of Business Plan Essay Proposal for the development of a Business Plan to Launch a Graphics Web Design Company Prepared for: Dan Hirschhorn Capella University TS7000-Technical Communications Prepared by: Chacondra Holcombe January 11, 2003 Introduction In todays business world, many consumers prefer a companys presence position on the internet. E-Business is a magical marketing tool for most companies. The term attracts attention and affects the fundamental tasks of a companys day-to-day operations. Companies have not confused the financial woes of various venture capitalists in the dot-com industry with the wide-range of possibilities offered via e-business. If positioned properly, a company could effectively influence the opportunities on e-business in a well-managed manner. The real potential often comes with the application of various tools and concepts associated with e-business to the basics of business; as well as, using these tools to bring about new levels of competitiveness to companies. The presence on the internet is basically about shifting the thoughts of the former business world. It is no longer true that in order to conduct big business, you must be a big business. The internet has virtually evened the playing field in the small vs. big business arena; however, the marketplace is still an increasingly complex division where positioning is key to standing out from the crowd. Proposal In order to become a participant, a company must actively work to become partners with their customers. A company must formulate a strategy that will focus their resources where they have the greatest impact and fastest return. Affordable Solutions, will assist companies with the development of their website(s) and make sure it involves their people, processes and technology. The website will also be designed according to the companys mission, business plan, strategies and operations. Who can companies turn to when they wish to amplify their voices to send their desired message out to the world? The launch of my new graphics and website design company is the step in the right direction. Affordable Solutions, will assist our clients with receiving their desired responses from their customers. We will also assist our clients in developing a top-notch customer relationship management tool via the web. Affordable Solutions, services will include the development of our clients website flow chart and website (using original graphics), registration of our clients domain name, and provide hosting solutions. We will offer a complete range of print and new media design services; which will be highlighted when we partner with our clients to find their voice. The services are affordable, powerful driven by results. Our clients will receive a full service business marketing solution, in order to promote a healthy growth plan for their customer base V all within their allotted budget. Conclusion The focus of Affordable Solutions, is to create a solid sustainable presence on the web for our clients. For all companies, the main concern is how to obtain the competitive edge, but trailing right behind that concern is how to stay competitive while keeping costs down. Affordable Solutions, is the answer. Implementation Schedule In order to submit a complete and accurate business plan within the next 6 weeks, certain tasks must be completed. Below is the proposed schedule and estimated time frame necessary to complete the necessary tasks. Activity Completion Date Research Prepare ResourcesJanuary 5, 2003 Analyze Summary InfoJanuary 14, 2003 Organize OutlineJanuary 19, 2003 Create Rough DraftJanuary 26, 2003 Review Edit Rough DraftFebruary 9, 2003 Submit Final DraftFebruary 16, 2003 References Allen, Cliff (2001). One-To-One Web Marketing: Build a Relationship Marketing Strategy One Customer at a Time. New York: Wiley. Jerke, Noel (2001). E-commerce Developers Guide to Building Community and Using Promotional Tools. San Francisco: Sybex. .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 , .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .postImageUrl , .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 , .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8:hover , .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8:visited , .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8:active { border:0!important; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8:active , .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8 .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee3943b2b275afaf1d4e6559c71954a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teacher Metaphor EssaySiegel, David (1999). Futurize Your Enterprise: Business Strategy in the Age of the E-Customer. New York: Wiley Schulman, Martin A. (1997). The Internet Strategic Plan: A Step-by Step Guide to Connecting Your Company. New York: Wiley Computing Pub. Murphy, Bill (1995). Presentations for Professional Communicators. London: B. T. Batsford .

Spare Parts Management Process Essay Example For Students

Spare Parts Management Process Essay They have one spare parts management process but it has some drawbacks and issues need to be addressed to refine the process and to increase its efficiency. First main point is that these aviation spare parts is very expensive and thus has very adverse effect on Cathy Pacifisms balance sheet, They have sufficient inventory of these spare parts but of which significant percentage of parts are dead and inactive stock, They canto simply get rid of these parts because for aircraft safety certain parts are necessary and can be required at any time. The usage pattern of these spare parts is highly unpredictable and thus, future demand forecasting is another challenge task for Cathy Pacific. Aviation spare parts are mainly divided into two categories Critical and non-critical. Critical spare parts market is mainly dominated by the MEMO (Original Equipment Manufacturer) suppliers where as there are many suppliers for Nan-critical spare parts and the switching option is available. However, this switching option is not recommended as these switching costs are very high. Cathy Pacific use IT yester for spare parts management but they dont have collaborative IT system Which facilitates communication between Cathy Pacific and their suppliers. Cathy Pacific Airline needs a procurement process improvement to ensure the proper availability of spare parts at the very right time and the place where the part is required. Solutions: Global sourcing. This means reducing the number of suppliers and the selection of suppliers which are spread across the world, The reduced number of suppliers and the sharing to IT systems will help to build the trust amongst them and to lid the long term relationship, Cathy Pacific already has its hubs in different continents. Selecting the suppliers close to these hubs will be a good move in the process of amelioration of supply chain, This will help to reduce the links in the existing supply chain and to reduce the length of the journey. Selection of few suppliers with long term relationship will help to extend the IT systems and develop a collaborative system which will be beneficial for all and will result into minimum transportation costs and transportation time to the place of demand. The alliance of different airlines will also be useful to reduce the suppliers power in case Of critical parts and also help to share the inventory Of spare parts. They are already doing this and have to continue to promote such types of activities. Third party logistics (PL) can be a good option as they can use the expertise Of other company for these spare parts management and can focus on their core business.